台羅拼音

臺灣台語羅馬字拼音方案簡稱臺羅,是目前教育現場所通行的羅馬字台語文系統。臺羅由教育部整合自台灣語言音標方案(TLPA)與白話字(POJ)而來,教育部官方出版品、字典與公視台語台的各種節目皆是使用臺羅系統。

系統概要

輔音

塞音(不送氣)塞音(送氣)濁音鼻音擦音邊音
唇音p /p/ph /pʰ/b /b/m /m/
舌尖音t /t/th /tʰ/n /n/l /l/
舌齒音ts /ʦ/tsh /ʦʰ/j /ʣ/s /s/
舌根音k /k/kh /kʰ/g /g/ng /ŋ/
喉音h /h/

元音

韻腹aaiaueiiaiauɪəɪɔiuəɔuuauaiueuim̩ŋ̍
台羅aaiaueiiaiauioioiuooouuauaiueuimng

注意 oo 的省略:

-nn-h-nnh-m-ng-p-k
ə/oooh
iə/ioioioh
ɔooonnoohonnhomongopok
iɔ(ionn)iongiok

韻尾

/m//n//ŋ//p̚//t̚//k̚//ʔ//◌̃/ (鼻化)/◌̃ʔ/ (鼻化入聲)
台羅拼音mnngptkhnnnnh

聲調

調號123456789
調名陰平陰上陰去陰入陽平陽上陽去陽入輕聲
調號aáàahâǎāa̍ha̋--◌
調值˥˥ 55˥˩ 51˧˩ 31˧ 30˨˦ 24˧˧ 33˥ 50

調號標示規則

與其他方案主要歧異音節

與白話字比較

台羅拼音在設計上盡可能容易從白話字機械轉換,可直接以下表直接轉換。其它諸如oo的省略方式、調號(第9調除外),基本上都相同。不過因為母音改變,調號標註位置可能會有所不同。如台羅是 buē,白話字是 bōe。

台羅拼音tstshuaueikingoonnnnh◌̋
白話字chchhoaoeekengo͘ⁿhⁿ◌̆

註:台羅傳統版亦容許使用 o͘ 與 ⁿ。

與其它方案比較

這四個音節在各方案書寫方式歧異較大,主要原因在於各自選定的基準發音、腔口就不太相同。有的方案重視原音韻體系的一致性,有的方案則傾向標註今日優勢讀音。

台羅拼音白話字方音符號臺灣語假名台語諺文
ik /ik̚/ek /ɪək̚/ㄧㆻ /ik̚/イェㇰ /ɪɛk̚/역 /ɪək̚/
ing /iŋ/eng /ɪəŋ/ㄧㄥ /iŋ/イェン /ɪɛŋ/영 /ɪəŋ/
iat /ɪat̚/iat /ɪat̚/ㄧㄚㆵ /ɪat̚/イェッ /ɪɛt̚/엗 /et̚/
ian /ɪan/ian /ɪan/ㄧㄢ /ɪɛn/イェヌ /ɪɛn/엔 /en/

Unicode表現

主要問題都在於字母加上調號。由於台羅使用的部分聲調符號在Unicode裡沒有預組版本,必須以字母搭配組合用調號來表示(依照Unicode的規則,新增新的預組字元會影響到正規化安定性,所以已經無法申請加入預組字元。)。尤其是多數字型不太能正常顯示第8調調號,需要使用支援台語的字型。

表中標註有Unicode者表示有預組字元存在,未標註者就必須配合組合用調號使用。

調號23456789
組合用調號◌́ U+0301◌̀ U+0300◌◌̂ U+0302◌̌ U+030C◌̄ U+0304◌̍ U+030D◌̋ U+030B
小寫
aá U+00E1à U+00E0ahâ U+00E2ǎ U+01CEā U+0101a̍ha̋
eé U+00E9è U+00E8ehê U+00EAě U+011Bē U+0113e̍he̋
ií U+00EDì U+00ECihî U+00EEǐ U+01D0ī U+012Bi̍hi̋
oó U+00F3ò U+00F2ohô U+00F4ǒ U+01D2ō U+014Do̍hő U+0151
uú U+00FAù U+00F9uhû U+00FBǔ U+01D4ū U+016Bu̍hű U+0171
mḿ U+1E3Fm̀mhm̂m̌m̄m̍hm̋
nń U+0144ǹ U+01F9nhn̂ň U+0148n̄n̍hn̋
大寫
AÁ U+00C1À U+00C0AHÂ U+00C2Ǎ U+01CDĀ U+0100A̍HA̋
EÉ U+00C9È U+00C8EHÊ U+00CAĚ U+011AĒ U+0112E̍HE̋
IÍ U+00CDÌ U+00CCIHÎ U+00CEǏ U+01CFĪ U+012AI̍HI̋
OÓ U+00D3Ò U+00D2OHÔ U+00D4Ǒ U+01D1Ō U+014CO̍HŐ U+0150
UÚ U+00DAÙ U+00D9UHÛ U+00DBǓ U+01D3Ū U+016AU̍HŰ U+0170
MḾ U+1E3EM̀MHM̂M̌M̄M̍HM̋
NŃ U+0143Ǹ U+01F8NHN̂Ň U+0147N̄N̍HN̋

註:使用 o͘ 與 ⁿ 的台羅傳統版序列,請參考白話字條目。

音節表

Øhppʰbmttʰnlʦ/ʨʦʰ/ʨʰʣ/ʥs/ɕkkʰgŋ
aahapaphabamatathanalatsatshasakakhaganga
ãannhannphanntannthanntsanntshannsannkannkhann
aʔahhahpahphahbahmahtahthahnahlahtsahtshahsahkahkhah
ãʔannhhannhsannh
amamhamtamthamlamtsamtshamsamkamkhamgam
ananhanpanphanbantanthanlantsantshansankankhangan
aŋanghangpangphangbangtangthanglangtsangtshangsangkangkhanggang
ap̚aphaptapthaplaptsaptshapsapkapkhap
at̚athatpatphatbattatthatlattsattshatsatkatkhat
ak̚akhakpakphakbaktakthaklaktsaktshaksakkakkhakgak
aɪaihaipaiphaibaimaitaithainailaitsaitshaisaikaikhaigaingai
ãɪainnhainnphainntainntsainnkainnkhainn
aɪʔaihhaihlaihsaih
auauhaupauphaubaumautauthaunaulautsautshausaukaukhaugaungau
auʔauhphauhmauhtauhnauhlauhtshauhkauhngauh
Øhppʰbmttʰnlʦ/ʨʦʰ/ʨʰʣ/ʥs/ɕkkʰgŋ
eehepephebemetetheneletsetshesekekhegenge
ẽennhennpennphenntennthenntsenntshennsennkennkhenn
eʔehhehpehphehbehmehtehthehnehlehtsehtshehsehkehkhehgehngeh
ẽʔennhhennhkhennh
Øhppʰbmttʰnlʦ/ʨʦʰ/ʨʰʣ/ʥs/ɕkkʰgŋ
iihipiphibimitithinilitsitshijisikikhigingi
ĩinnhinnpinnphinntinnthinntsinntshinnsinnkinnkhinn
iʔihpihphihbihmihtihthihnihlihtsihtshihsihkihkhih
imimhimtimthimlimtsimtshimjimsimkimkhimgim
ininhinpinphinbintinthinlintsintshinjinsinkinkhingin
iŋinghingpingphingbingtingthinglingtsingtshingsingkingkhingging
ip̚iphipliptsiptshipjipsipkipkhip
it̚ithitpitphitbittitthitlittsittshitjitsitkitkhit
ik̚/ɪək̚ikhikpikphikbiktikthikliktsiktshikjiksikkikkhikgik
ɪaiahiamiatianialiatsiatshiajiasiakiakhiagiangia
iãiannhiannpiannphianntiannthianntsianntshiannsiannkiannkhiann
ɪaʔiahhiahpiahphiahtiahthiahliahtsiahtshiahjiahsiahkiahkhiahgiah
iãʔiannhhiannhsiannh
ɪamiamhiamtiamthiamliamtsiamtshiamjiamsiamkiamkhiamgiam
ɪan/enianhianpianphianbiantianthianliantsiantshianjiansiankiankhiangian
Øhppʰbmttʰnlʦ/ʨʦʰ/ʨʰʣ/ʥs/ɕkkʰgŋ
ɪaŋianghiangpiangphiangliangtsiangtshiangjiangsiangkiangkhianggiang
ɪap̚iaphiaptiapthiapliaptsiaptshiapjiapsiapkiapkhiapgiap
ɪat̚/ɪet̚iathiatpiatphiatbiattiatthiatliattsiattshiatjiatsiatkiatkhiatgiat
ɪak̚iakpiakphiaktiaktshiaksiakkhiak
ɪauiauhiaupiauphiaubiaumiautiauthiauniauliautsiautshiaujiausiaukiaukhiaugiaungiau
ɪãuiaunn
ɪauʔiauhhiauhkhiauhngiauh
ɪə/ɪoiohiopiophiobiotiothioliotsiotshiojiosiokiokhiogio
ɪɔ̃ionnhionntionntsionntshionnsionnkionnkhionn
ɪəʔ/ɪoʔiohhiohtiohliohtsiohtshiohsiohkiohkhiohgioh
ɪɔŋionghiongtiongthiongliongtsiongtshiongjiongsiongkiongkhionggiong
ɪɔk̚iokhioktiokthioklioktsioktshiokjioksiokkiokkhiokgiok
iuiuhiupiubiutiuthiuniuliutsiutshiujiusiukiukhiugiungiu
iũiunnhiunntiunntsiunntshiunnsiunnkiunnkhiunn
iũʔiunnhhiunnh
Øhppʰbmttʰnlʦ/ʨʦʰ/ʨʰʣ/ʥs/ɕkkʰgŋ
ə/oohopophobototholotsotshosokokhogo
ɔoohoopoophooboomootoothoonoolootsootshoosookookhoogoongoo
ɔ̃onnhonnkonn
əʔ/oʔohhohpohphohbohtohthohlohtsohtshohsohkoh
ɔʔoohhoohmoohtoohloohkooh
ɔ̃ʔonnhhonnh
ɔmomtomsom
ɔŋonghongpongphongbongtongthonglongtsongtshongsongkongkhonggong
ɔp̚ophoplopkop
ɔk̚okhokpokphokboktokthokloktsoktshoksokkokkhokgok
Øhppʰbmttʰnlʦ/ʨʦʰ/ʨʰʣ/ʥs/ɕkkʰgŋ
uuhupuphubututhulutsutshujusukukhugu
uʔuhpuhphuhbuhtuhthuhluhtsuhtshuhsuhkhuh
ununhunpunphunbuntunthunluntsuntshunjunsunkunkhungun
ut̚uthutputphutbuttutthutluttsuttshutsutkutkhut
uauahuapuaphuabuamuatuathuanualuatsuatshuajuasuakuakhuagua
uãuannhuannpuannphuanntuannthuanntsuanntshuannsuannkuannkhuann
uaʔuahhuahpuahphuahbuahtuahthuahluahtsuahtshuahjuahsuahkuahkhuah
uanuanhuanpuanphuanbuantuanthuanluantsuantshuansuankuankhuanguan
uaŋuanghuangtshuang
uat̚uathuatpuatphuatbuattuatthuatluattsuatsuatkuatkhuatguat
uaiuaihuaisuaikuaikhuai
uãiuainnhuainntsuainnsuainnkuainn
uaiʔuaihbuaihluaihtshuaihkuaih
uãiʔuainnhkuainnh
ueuehuepuephuebuemuetuethueluetsuetshuejuesuekuekhuegue
Øhppʰbmttʰnlʦ/ʨʦʰ/ʨʰʣ/ʥs/ɕkkʰgŋ
ueʔuehhuehpuehphuehbuehthuehluehtsuehtshuehsuehkuehkhuehguehngueh
uiuihuipuiphuibuimuituithuiluitsuitshuisuikuikhuigui
uĩuinnhuinnpuinntsuinntshuinnsuinnkuinn
uiʔuihhuihkuih
Øhppʰbmttʰnlʦ/ʨʦʰ/ʨʰʣ/ʥs/ɕkkʰgŋ
m̩mhm
m̩ʔmhhmh
ŋ̍nghngpngmngtngthngnngtsngtshngsngkngkhng
ŋ̍ʔnghhnghphnghmnghtshnghsnghkhngh

範例