白話字（Pe̍h-ōe-jī）是在台灣有悠久歷史的羅馬字台語文系統，留有非常多文獻，最初由傳教士所創並通行在教會，而後也流傳至民間，至今民間仍有許多白話字的愛用者推行與使用。《台灣府城教會報》（Tâi-oân-hú-siâⁿ Kàu-hōe-pò）是台灣第一份大眾媒體，即是以白話字書寫而成。
系統概要
輔音
| 塞音(不送氣) | 塞音(送氣) | 濁音 | 鼻音 | 擦音 | 邊音 |
|---|
| 唇音 | p /p/ | ph /pʰ/ | b /b/ | m /m/ | | |
|---|
| 舌尖音 | t /t/ | th /tʰ/ | | n /n/ | | l /l/ |
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| 舌齒音 | ch /ʦ/ | chh /ʦʰ/ | j /ʣ/ | | s /s/ | |
|---|
| 舌根音 | k /k/ | kh /kʰ/ | g /g/ | ng /ŋ/ | | |
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| 喉音 | | | | | h /h/ | |
|---|
元音
| 韻腹 | a | ai | au | e | i | ia | iau | ɪə | ɪɔ | iu | ə | ɔ | u | ua | uai | ue | ui | m̩ | ŋ̍ |
|---|
| 台羅 | a | ai | au | e | i | ia | iau | io | (io) | iu | o | o͘ | u | oa | oai | oe | ui | m | ng |
|---|
注意 o͘ 的省略：
| | -nn | -h | -nnh | -m | -ng | -p | -k |
|---|
| ə/o | o | | oh | | | | | |
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| iə/io | io | | ioh | | | | | |
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| ɔ | o͘ | onn | o͘h | onnh | om | ong | op | ok |
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| iɔ | | (ionn) | | | | iong | | iok |
|---|
韻尾
| /m/ | /n/ | /ŋ/ | /p̚/ | /t̚/ | /k̚/ | /ʔ/ | /◌̃/ (鼻化) | /◌̃ʔ/ (鼻化入聲) |
|---|
| 白話字 | m | n | ng | p | t | k | h | ⁿ | hⁿ |
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聲調
| 調號 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
|---|
| 調名 | 陰平 | 陰上 | 陰去 | 陰入 | 陽平 | 陽上 | 陽去 | 陽入 | | 輕聲 |
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| 調號 | a | á | à | ah | â | ǎ | ā | a̍h | ă | --◌ |
|---|
| 調值 | ˥˥ 55 | ˥˩ 51 | ˧˩ 31 | ˧ 30 | ˨˦ 24 | | ˧˧ 33 | ˥ 50 | | |
|---|
調號標示規則
- 白話字書寫時，標記之調號為該對應漢字之本調，至於實際讀出的聲調則需以連續變調之規則進行變調。
- 母音不只一個時，依照順序： o ＞ e ＞ a ＞ u ＞ i ＞ ng ＞ m 尋找標註聲調的母音。
- 例外：oai、oan、oat、oah 標在 a 上、oeh 標在 e 上。
- ng 標示在字母 n 上。
- 第8聲調標記在入聲字母（-p、-t、-k、-h）的前一個元音字母上。
與其他方案主要歧異音節
白話字使用歷史悠久，文獻數量龐大，使用人口多。所以台羅拼音在設計上盡可能容易與白話字互相轉換。
注意轉換後因為母音改變，調號標註位置可能會有所不同。如白話字是 bōe，台羅是 buē。
| 白話字 | ch | chh | oa | oe | ek | eng | o͘ | ⁿ | hⁿ | ◌̆ |
|---|
| 台羅拼音 | ts | tsh | ua | ue | ik | ing | oo | nn | nnh | ◌̋ |
|---|
與其它方案比較
這四個音節在各方案書寫方式歧異較大，主要原因在於各自選定的基準發音、腔口就不太相同。有的方案重視原音韻體系的一致性，有的方案則傾向標註今日優勢讀音。
| 台羅拼音 | 白話字 | 方音符號 | 臺灣語假名 | 台語諺文 |
|---|
| ik /ik̚/ | ek /ɪək̚/ | ㄧㆻ /ik̚/ | イェㇰ /ɪɛk̚/ | 역 /ɪək̚/ |
| ing /iŋ/ | eng /ɪəŋ/ | ㄧㄥ /iŋ/ | イェン /ɪɛŋ/ | 영 /ɪəŋ/ |
| iat /ɪat̚/ | iat /ɪat̚/ | ㄧㄚㆵ /ɪat̚/ | イェッ /ɪɛt̚/ | 엗 /et̚/ |
| ian /ɪan/ | ian /ɪan/ | ㄧㄢ /ɪɛn/ | イェヌ /ɪɛn/ | 엔 /en/ |
主要問題都在於字母加上調號。由於台羅使用的部分聲調符號在Unicode裡沒有預組版本，必須以字母搭配組合用調號來表示（依照Unicode的規則，新增新的預組字元會影響到正規化安定性，所以已經無法申請加入預組字元。）。尤其是多數字型不太能正常顯示第8調調號，需要使用支援台語的字型。
表中標註有Unicode者表示有預組字元存在，未標註者就必須配合組合用調號使用。
字母 o͘（U+006Fo U+0358◌͘）的處理比較麻煩。例如 ó͘，因為 o͘ 本身是韻母，理論上的序列是 U+006Fo U+0358◌͘ U+0301◌́，然而根據Unicode正規化的規則，標準分解時U+0358◌͘會排在U+0301◌́後面，且標準組合後，會變成 U+00F3ó U+0301◌́。實務上，因為三種順序都很常用，字型檔最好支援所有序列。
鼻化母音小寫使用 U+207Fⁿ，大寫為 U+1D3Aᴺ。
音節表
| Ø | h | p | pʰ | b | m | t | tʰ | n | l | ʦ/ʨ | ʦʰ/ʨʰ | ʣ/ʥ | s/ɕ | k | kʰ | g | ŋ |
|---|
| a | a | ha | pa | pha | ba | ma | ta | tha | na | la | cha | chha | | sa | ka | kha | ga | nga |
|---|
| ã | aⁿ | haⁿ | | phaⁿ | | | taⁿ | thaⁿ | | | chaⁿ | chhaⁿ | | saⁿ | kaⁿ | khaⁿ | | |
|---|
| aʔ | ah | hah | pah | phah | bah | mah | tah | thah | nah | lah | chah | chhah | | sah | kah | khah | | |
|---|
| ãʔ | ahⁿ | hahⁿ | | | | | | | | | | | | sahⁿ | | | | |
|---|
| am | am | ham | | | | | tam | tham | | lam | cham | chham | | sam | kam | kham | gam | |
|---|
| an | an | han | pan | phan | ban | | tan | than | | lan | chan | chhan | | san | kan | khan | gan | |
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| aŋ | ang | hang | pang | phang | bang | | tang | thang | | lang | chang | chhang | | sang | kang | khang | gang | |
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| ap̚ | ap | hap | | | | | tap | thap | | lap | chap | chhap | | sap | kap | khap | | |
|---|
| at̚ | at | hat | pat | phat | bat | | tat | that | | lat | chat | chhat | | sat | kat | khat | | |
|---|
| ak̚ | ak | hak | pak | phak | bak | | tak | thak | | lak | chak | chhak | | sak | kak | khak | gak | |
|---|
| aɪ | ai | hai | pai | phai | bai | mai | tai | thai | nai | lai | chai | chhai | | sai | kai | khai | gai | ngai |
|---|
| ãɪ | aiⁿ | haiⁿ | | phaiⁿ | | | taiⁿ | | | | chaiⁿ | | | | kaiⁿ | khaiⁿ | | |
|---|
| aɪʔ | aih | haih | | | | | | | | laih | | | | saih | | | | |
|---|
| au | au | hau | pau | phau | bau | mau | tau | thau | nau | lau | chau | chhau | | sau | kau | khau | gau | ngau |
|---|
| auʔ | auh | | | phauh | | mauh | tauh | | nauh | lauh | | chhauh | | | kauh | | | ngauh |
|---|
| Ø | h | p | pʰ | b | m | t | tʰ | n | l | ʦ/ʨ | ʦʰ/ʨʰ | ʣ/ʥ | s/ɕ | k | kʰ | g | ŋ |
|---|
| e | e | he | pe | phe | be | me | te | the | ne | le | che | chhe | | se | ke | khe | ge | nge |
|---|
| ẽ | eⁿ | heⁿ | peⁿ | pheⁿ | | | teⁿ | theⁿ | | | cheⁿ | chheⁿ | | seⁿ | keⁿ | kheⁿ | | |
|---|
| eʔ | eh | heh | peh | pheh | beh | meh | teh | theh | neh | leh | cheh | chheh | | seh | keh | kheh | geh | ngeh |
|---|
| ẽʔ | ehⁿ | hehⁿ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | khehⁿ | | |
|---|
| Ø | h | p | pʰ | b | m | t | tʰ | n | l | ʦ/ʨ | ʦʰ/ʨʰ | ʣ/ʥ | s/ɕ | k | kʰ | g | ŋ |
|---|
| i | i | hi | pi | phi | bi | mi | ti | thi | ni | li | chi | chhi | ji | si | ki | khi | gi | ngi |
|---|
| ĩ | iⁿ | hiⁿ | piⁿ | phiⁿ | | | tiⁿ | thiⁿ | | | chiⁿ | chhiⁿ | | siⁿ | kiⁿ | khiⁿ | | |
|---|
| iʔ | ih | | pih | phih | bih | mih | tih | thih | nih | lih | chih | chhih | | sih | kih | khih | | |
|---|
| im | im | him | | | | | tim | thim | | lim | chim | chhim | jim | sim | kim | khim | gim | |
|---|
| in | in | hin | pin | phin | bin | | tin | thin | | lin | chin | chhin | jin | sin | kin | khin | gin | |
|---|
| iŋ | eng | heng | peng | pheng | beng | | teng | theng | | leng | cheng | chheng | | seng | keng | kheng | geng | |
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| ip̚ | ip | hip | | | | | | | | lip | chip | chhip | jip | sip | kip | khip | | |
|---|
| it̚ | it | hit | pit | phit | bit | | tit | thit | | lit | chit | chhit | jit | sit | kit | khit | | |
|---|
| ik̚/ɪək̚ | ek | hek | pek | phek | bek | | tek | thek | | lek | chek | chhek | jek | sek | kek | khek | gek | |
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| ɪa | ia | hia | | | | mia | tia | | nia | lia | chia | chhia | jia | sia | kia | khia | gia | ngia |
|---|
| iã | iaⁿ | hiaⁿ | piaⁿ | phiaⁿ | | | tiaⁿ | thiaⁿ | | | chiaⁿ | chhiaⁿ | | siaⁿ | kiaⁿ | khiaⁿ | | |
|---|
| ɪaʔ | iah | hiah | piah | phiah | | | tiah | thiah | | liah | chiah | chhiah | jiah | siah | kiah | khiah | giah | |
|---|
| iãʔ | iahⁿ | hiahⁿ | | | | | | | | | | | | siahⁿ | | | | |
|---|
| ɪam | iam | hiam | | | | | tiam | thiam | | liam | chiam | chhiam | jiam | siam | kiam | khiam | giam | |
|---|
| ɪan/en | ian | hian | pian | phian | bian | | tian | thian | | lian | chian | chhian | jian | sian | kian | khian | gian | |
|---|
| Ø | h | p | pʰ | b | m | t | tʰ | n | l | ʦ/ʨ | ʦʰ/ʨʰ | ʣ/ʥ | s/ɕ | k | kʰ | g | ŋ |
|---|
| ɪaŋ | iang | hiang | piang | phiang | | | | | | liang | chiang | chhiang | jiang | siang | kiang | khiang | giang | |
|---|
| ɪap̚ | iap | hiap | | | | | tiap | thiap | | liap | chiap | chhiap | jiap | siap | kiap | khiap | giap | |
|---|
| ɪat̚/ɪet̚ | iat | hiat | piat | phiat | biat | | tiat | thiat | | liat | chiat | chhiat | jiat | siat | kiat | khiat | giat | |
|---|
| ɪak̚ | iak | | piak | phiak | | | tiak | | | | | chhiak | | siak | | khiak | | |
|---|
| ɪau | iau | hiau | piau | phiau | biau | miau | tiau | thiau | niau | liau | chiau | chhiau | jiau | siau | kiau | khiau | giau | ngiau |
|---|
| ɪãu | iauⁿ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| ɪauʔ | iauh | hiauh | | | | | | | | | | | | | | khiauh | | ngiauh |
|---|
| ɪə/ɪo | io | hio | pio | phio | bio | | tio | thio | | lio | chio | chhio | jio | sio | kio | khio | gio | |
|---|
| ɪɔ̃ | ioⁿ | hioⁿ | | | | | tioⁿ | | | | chioⁿ | chhioⁿ | | sioⁿ | kioⁿ | khioⁿ | | |
|---|
| ɪəʔ/ɪoʔ | ioh | hioh | | | | | tioh | | | lioh | chioh | chhioh | | sioh | kioh | khioh | gioh | |
|---|
| ɪɔŋ | iong | hiong | | | | | tiong | thiong | | liong | chiong | chhiong | jiong | siong | kiong | khiong | giong | |
|---|
| ɪɔk̚ | iok | hiok | | | | | tiok | thiok | | liok | chiok | chhiok | jiok | siok | kiok | khiok | giok | |
|---|
| iu | iu | hiu | piu | | biu | | tiu | thiu | niu | liu | chiu | chhiu | jiu | siu | kiu | khiu | giu | ngiu |
|---|
| iũ | iuⁿ | hiuⁿ | | | | | tiuⁿ | | | | chiuⁿ | chhiuⁿ | | siuⁿ | kiuⁿ | khiuⁿ | | |
|---|
| iũʔ | iuhⁿ | hiuhⁿ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Ø | h | p | pʰ | b | m | t | tʰ | n | l | ʦ/ʨ | ʦʰ/ʨʰ | ʣ/ʥ | s/ɕ | k | kʰ | g | ŋ |
|---|
| ə/o | o | ho | po | pho | bo | | to | tho | | lo | cho | chho | | so | ko | kho | go | |
|---|
| ɔ | o͘ | ho͘ | po͘ | pho͘ | bo͘ | mo͘ | to͘ | tho͘ | no͘ | lo͘ | cho͘ | chho͘ | | so͘ | ko͘ | kho͘ | go͘ | ngo͘ |
|---|
| ɔ̃ | oⁿ | hoⁿ | | | | | | | | | | | | | koⁿ | | | |
|---|
| əʔ/oʔ | oh | hoh | poh | phoh | boh | | toh | thoh | | loh | choh | chhoh | | soh | koh | | | |
|---|
| ɔʔ | o͘h | ho͘h | | | | mo͘h | to͘h | | | lo͘h | | | | | ko͘h | | | |
|---|
| ɔ̃ʔ | ohⁿ | hohⁿ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| ɔm | om | | | | | | tom | | | | | | | som | | | | |
|---|
| ɔŋ | ong | hong | pong | phong | bong | | tong | thong | | long | chong | chhong | | song | kong | khong | gong | |
|---|
| ɔp̚ | op | hop | | | | | | | | lop | | | | | kop | | | |
|---|
| ɔk̚ | ok | hok | pok | phok | bok | | tok | thok | | lok | chok | chhok | | sok | kok | khok | gok | |
|---|
| Ø | h | p | pʰ | b | m | t | tʰ | n | l | ʦ/ʨ | ʦʰ/ʨʰ | ʣ/ʥ | s/ɕ | k | kʰ | g | ŋ |
|---|
| u | u | hu | pu | phu | bu | | tu | thu | | lu | chu | chhu | ju | su | ku | khu | gu | |
|---|
| uʔ | uh | | puh | phuh | buh | | tuh | thuh | | luh | chuh | chhuh | | suh | | khuh | | |
|---|
| un | un | hun | pun | phun | bun | | tun | thun | | lun | chun | chhun | jun | sun | kun | khun | gun | |
|---|
| ut̚ | ut | hut | put | phut | but | | tut | thut | | lut | chut | chhut | | sut | kut | khut | | |
|---|
| ua | oa | hoa | poa | phoa | boa | moa | toa | thoa | noa | loa | choa | chhoa | joa | soa | koa | khoa | goa | |
|---|
| uã | oaⁿ | hoaⁿ | poaⁿ | phoaⁿ | | | toaⁿ | thoaⁿ | | | choaⁿ | chhoaⁿ | | soaⁿ | koaⁿ | khoaⁿ | | |
|---|
| uaʔ | oah | hoah | poah | phoah | boah | | toah | thoah | | loah | choah | chhoah | joah | soah | koah | khoah | | |
|---|
| uan | oan | hoan | poan | phoan | boan | | toan | thoan | | loan | choan | chhoan | | soan | koan | khoan | goan | |
|---|
| uaŋ | oang | hoang | | | | | | | | | | chhoang | | | | | | |
|---|
| uat̚ | oat | hoat | poat | phoat | boat | | toat | thoat | | loat | choat | | | soat | koat | khoat | goat | |
|---|
| uai | oai | hoai | | | | | | | | | | | | soai | koai | khoai | | |
|---|
| uãi | oaiⁿ | hoaiⁿ | | | | | | | | | choaiⁿ | | | soaiⁿ | koaiⁿ | | | |
|---|
| uaiʔ | oaih | | | | boaih | | | | | loaih | | chhoaih | | | koaih | | | |
|---|
| uãiʔ | oaihⁿ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | koaihⁿ | | | |
|---|
| ue | oe | hoe | poe | phoe | boe | moe | toe | thoe | | loe | choe | chhoe | joe | soe | koe | khoe | goe | |
|---|
| Ø | h | p | pʰ | b | m | t | tʰ | n | l | ʦ/ʨ | ʦʰ/ʨʰ | ʣ/ʥ | s/ɕ | k | kʰ | g | ŋ |
|---|
| ueʔ | oeh | hoeh | poeh | phoeh | boeh | | | thoeh | | loeh | choeh | chhoeh | | soeh | koeh | khoeh | goeh | ngoeh |
|---|
| ui | ui | hui | pui | phui | bui | mui | tui | thui | | lui | chui | chhui | | sui | kui | khui | gui | |
|---|
| uĩ | uiⁿ | huiⁿ | puiⁿ | | | | | | | | chuiⁿ | chhuiⁿ | | suiⁿ | kuiⁿ | | | |
|---|
| uiʔ | uih | huih | | | | | | | | | | | | | kuih | | | |
|---|
| Ø | h | p | pʰ | b | m | t | tʰ | n | l | ʦ/ʨ | ʦʰ/ʨʰ | ʣ/ʥ | s/ɕ | k | kʰ | g | ŋ |
|---|
| m̩ | m | hm | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| m̩ʔ | mh | hmh | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| ŋ̍ | ng | hng | png | | | mng | tng | thng | nng | | chng | chhng | | sng | kng | khng | | |
|---|
| ŋ̍ʔ | ngh | hngh | | phngh | | mngh | | | | | | chhngh | | sngh | | khngh | | |
|---|
範例
- 我真頇顢講話，但是我真實在。 Góa chin hân-bān kóng-ōe tān-sī góa chin si̍t-chāi.
- 請手扞予好勢，跤徛予在。 Chhiáⁿ chhiú hōaⁿ hō͘ hó-sè, kha khiā hō͘ chāi.